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Q118 (CAPF/2023) Geography › Indian Physical Geography › Indian physical features

Consider the following statements about Barchans: 1. These landforms are found in Thar desert in India. 2. The windward side has concave slope with maximum height at the centre. 3. Two ends of the barchan are called horns. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Result
Your answer: —  Â·  Correct: C
Explanation

Barchans are crescent-shaped sand dunes found in arid regions. Statement 1 is correct as barchans cover large areas of the Indian Thar Desert, particularly near Jaisalmer [3]. Statement 3 is also correct; the two tapering ends of the crescent are known as horns or wings, which point downwind in the direction of dune migration [2][3][4]. However, statement 2 is incorrect. Morphologically, the windward side (stoss slope) is convex and has a gentle gradient, while the leeward side (slip face) is concave and steep [1][2]. The maximum height of the dune is typically found at the crest, located between the gentle windward slope and the steep leeward face [4]. Therefore, only statements 1 and 3 are accurate descriptions of barchan dunes.

Sources

  1. [3] CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Physical Features of India > The Indian Desert > p. 13
  2. [2] FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Landforms and their Evolution > Sand Dunes > p. 61
  3. [4] https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0131a/report.pdf
  4. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 17: Major Landforms and Cycle of Erosion > Barchans > p. 238
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