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Q50 (CAPF/2023) Science & Technology › Basic Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) › Basic chemical principles

The method used in separating a mixture of two miscible liquids having sufficient difference in their boiling points is:

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Your answer: —  Â·  Correct: D
Explanation

The separation of miscible liquids is primarily achieved through distillation techniques based on differences in their boiling points. Simple distillation is the specific method used when the components of a mixture have a significant or sufficient difference in their boiling points, typically cited as greater than 25–30°C. In this process, the mixture is heated in a distillation flask; the component with the lower boiling point vaporizes first, passes through a condenser where it is cooled back into a liquid, and is then collected. Conversely, if the boiling point difference is small (less than 25K), fractional distillation is required, which utilizes a fractionating column to provide better separation. Other methods like filtration and centrifugation are used for heterogeneous mixtures, while solvent extraction relies on solubility differences rather than boiling points.

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