Identify the type of climate on the basis of the following characteristics relating to it : I. Temperature is high throughout the year. II. Rainfall is variable with a short wet season and a longer dry season. III. Climate of Sudan and Paraguay is an example of this climate type. Select the answer using the code given below :

The characteristics described correspond to the Tropical wet and dry climate, also known as the Savanna or Sudan type climate. This climate is characterized by high temperatures throughout the year, with monthly averages typically exceeding 18°C to 20°C [1]. Unlike the equatorial climate, it features a distinct seasonal rainfall pattern with a short wet season and a longer, more severe dry season [3]. The rainfall is often variable and unreliable [1]. Geographically, this climate type is found in regions such as Sudan in Africa and parts of Paraguay and Bolivia in South America [1]. In the Köppen classification system, this is represented as 'Aw' (Tropical Wet Savanna), which is distinguished by a dry winter season and a wet summer season [2]. The vegetation typically consists of deciduous forests and tree-shredded grasslands [1].

Sources

1. [1] FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 11: World Climate and Climate Change > Tropical Wet and Dry Climate (Aw) > p. 93
2. [3] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 30: Climatic Regions > Savanna or Tropical Wet and Dry Climate (Aw: A – Tropical, w – dry winter) > p. 435
3. [2] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 30: Climatic Regions > Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification > p. 422