Myopia is also known as :

Myopia is a common refractive defect of vision also known as near-sightedness or short-sightedness [2]. In a myopic eye, the image of distant objects is focused in front of the retina rather than directly on it, often due to an elongated eyeball or an overly curved cornea [1]. This results in a condition where nearby objects can be seen clearly, but distant objects appear blurred [1]. Myopia is typically corrected using a concave lens of suitable power to diverge the light rays before they enter the eye [1]. In contrast, hypermetropia is known as far-sightedness, where distant objects are clear but near vision is blurred [2]. Presbyopia is an age-related condition where the eye loses its power of accommodation, making it difficult to focus on nearby objects [2]. Cataract is not a refractive error but involves the clouding of the eye's natural lens.

Sources

1. [1] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 10: The Human Eye and the Colourful World > What you have learnt > p. 170
2. [2] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 10: The Human Eye and the Colourful World > 10.2 DEFECTS OF VISION AND THEIR CORRECTION > p. 162