Which one of the following pairs of terms and their meanings is not correctly matched?

The term 'Nattar' is incorrectly matched. In the context of South Indian administration, particularly during the Chola and Pandya periods, 'Nattar' refers to the assembly of landholders or the administrative authorities of a 'nadu' (a territorial unit) [3]. They were responsible for assessing land quality, levying taxes, and discharging judicial and fiscal duties [2]. They were not 'male serpent deities'; serpent deities are typically referred to as 'Nagas'. Regarding the other options: 'Nagaram' refers to settlements of traders and the land associated with their administrative councils [3]. 'Yupa' is a well-documented Vedic term for a sacrificial post used in rituals. 'Viragal' (or Hero Stone) refers to memorial stones erected to commemorate the honorable death of a hero in battle, a practice widely prevalent in the Tamil Nadu and Karnataka regions [4].

Sources

1. [1] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 11: Later Cholas and Pandyas > Nattar > p. 159
2. [3] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 11: Later Cholas and Pandyas > Political Divisions > p. 168
3. [2] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 11: Later Cholas and Pandyas > Political Divisions > p. 169
4. [4] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 5: Evolution of Society in South India > Epigraphic > p. 63