Which of the following statements for persons suffering from presbyopia is/are correct? 1. They cannot distinguish colours. 2. It usually develops with ageing. 3. They wear either bi-focal lenses consisting of both concave and convex lenses or progressive lenses. Select the answer using the code given below:

Presbyopia is a refractive defect that usually develops with ageing as the eye gradually loses its power of accommodation due to the weakening of ciliary muscles and diminishing flexibility of the eye lens [4]. It typically becomes noticeable between the ages of 40 and 45 [1]. Statement 1 is incorrect because presbyopia affects the ability to focus on near objects and does not cause an inability to distinguish colours; studies show presbyopes can have normal colour perception. Statement 3 is correct as the condition is commonly treated using bi-focal lenses, which consist of both concave (for distance) and convex (for near) lenses, or progressive lenses that provide a gradual transition of lens powers without a visible dividing line. Therefore, only statements 2 and 3 are correct.

Sources

1. [1] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 10: The Human Eye and the Colourful World > 10.2 DEFECTS OF VISION AND THEIR CORRECTION > p. 162
2. [4] https://www.nature.com/articles/srep00278