Question map
Consider the following social movements : 1. Chipko Movement 2. Bardoli Satyagraha 3. Satyashodhak Samaj Which one of the following is the correct chronological order (starting with the earliest) of the launch of the above social movements ?
Explanation
The chronological order of the movements is determined by their respective launch dates. The Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth Seekers' Society) was founded by Jyotirao Phule on September 24, 1873, in Maharashtra to challenge brahminical supremacy and advocate for the rights of lower castes [4]. The Bardoli Satyagraha, a significant peasant movement against land revenue enhancement in Gujarat, was led by Vallabhbhai Patel in 1928 [4]. Finally, the modern Chipko Movement, a social-ecological movement involving the non-violent act of hugging trees to prevent deforestation, emerged in the early 1970s (specifically 1973) in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand [5]. Therefore, the correct sequence is Satyashodhak Samaj (1873), followed by Bardoli Satyagraha (1928), and then the Chipko Movement (1973), corresponding to the order 3, 2, 1.
Sources
- [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 9: A General Survey of Socio-Cultural Reform Movements > Satyashodhak Samaj and Jyotiba or Jyotirao Phule > p. 215
- [3] THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART III, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 11: MAHATMA GANDHI AND THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT > Fig. 11.17 > p. 314
- [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyashodhak_Samaj
- [2] India and the Contemporary World – II. History-Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Nationalism in India > Activity > p. 35
- [5] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 10: Indian Forest > 10.5.1. Chipko Movement > p. 169