In natural ecosystems, some of the output or output information may be fed back as input to control the functioning. Such system when occurs is called

In ecology, a system that uses feedback loops to regulate its own functioning is known as a cybernetic system. Cybernetics is the study of control and communication in systems, whether they are biological, mechanical, or social. Ecosystems exhibit cybernetic behavior through feedback mechanisms: output information is fed back into the system as input to maintain stability (homeostasis) or to drive change.

• Negative feedback helps maintain equilibrium by counteracting deviations (e.g., predator-prey balance).
• Positive feedback accelerates a process (e.g., certain growth phases).

An isolated system exchanges neither matter nor energy with its surroundings. A linear system lacks feedback loops, where output does not influence input. A successional system refers to the process of ecological change over time rather than the control mechanism itself.