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Consider the following statements about Ashoka's Dhamma :
I. The theme of Ahimsa is an important aspect of Ashoka's Dhamma.
II. The ceremony of Dhamma is in proper courtesy to slaves and servants.
III. Dhamma consisted of the promotion of Buddhism.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Explanation
Ashoka's Dhamma was a code of ethical conduct and social responsibility designed to maintain social order in a diverse empire. Statement I is correct: Ahimsa (non-violence) toward all living beings was a core pillar of Dhamma, as emphasized in Major Rock Edict I and other inscriptions. Statement II is correct: In Major Rock Edict IX, Ashoka defines the "ceremony of Dhamma" (Dhamma-mangala) as consisting of proper courtesy to slaves and servants, reverence to elders, and generosity toward friends and relatives. Statement III is incorrect: While Ashoka was a personal follower of Buddhism, his policy of Dhamma was distinct from Buddhist theology. It did not promote specific Buddhist doctrines like the Four Noble Truths or Nirvana; instead, it focused on universal moral values acceptable to all sects and religions, aiming for social harmony rather than religious conversion.