The cleaning action of soap is characterized by which of the following?

I. Emulsification
II. Micelle formation around the oil droplet
III. Interaction of hydrophilic part of soap with oil
IV. Interaction of hydrophobic part of soap with water

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Soap molecules consist of a hydrophilic (water-loving) ionic head and a hydrophobic (water-fearing) hydrocarbon tail. The cleaning process involves:

• Micelle Formation: In water, soap molecules arrange themselves into clusters called micelles. The hydrophobic tails attach to the oil/dirt, while the hydrophilic heads face outwards towards the water.
• Emulsification: The soap acts as an emulsifier, allowing the oil and water to mix. This stabilizes the oil-in-water emulsion, enabling the dirt to be washed away during rinsing.

Statement III is incorrect because the hydrophobic part interacts with oil. Statement IV is incorrect because the hydrophilic part interacts with water. Thus, only statements I and II are correct.