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Which of the following constants are necessarily included in defining the seven fundamental base units?
Explanation
The International System of Units (SI) was redefined in 2019 to be based on seven defining constants with fixed numerical values. These constants are: the hyperfine transition frequency of caesium-133 (ΔνCs), the speed of light in vacuum (c), the Planck constant (h), the elementary charge (e), the Boltzmann constant (k), the Avogadro constant (NA), and the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation (Kcd). Option C contains e, c, and h, all of which are essential for defining the Ampere, Metre, and Kilogram respectively. The universal gravitational constant (G) is not used in the definition of SI base units, making options A and D incorrect. Option B includes 'a', which is not among the seven defining constants.