Consider the following magnetic materials at room temperature :

1. Gadolinium oxide
2. Bismuth
3. Ruthenium
4. Graphite
5. Aluminium
6. Nickel

Which of the following statements is/are correct in respect of the above magnetic materials?

I. There are two diamagnetic materials.

II. There are three paramagnetic materials.

Select the answer using the code given below.

The magnetic properties of the materials at room temperature are as follows:

• Diamagnetic materials: These are materials that create an induced magnetic field in a direction opposite to an externally applied magnetic field. From the list, Bismuth and Graphite are diamagnetic. Therefore, Statement I is correct.
• Paramagnetic materials: These are materials that are weakly attracted by an external magnetic field. From the list, Gadolinium oxide, Ruthenium, and Aluminium are paramagnetic. Therefore, Statement II is correct.
• Ferromagnetic materials: These are materials that can be permanently magnetized and are strongly attracted to magnets. Nickel is ferromagnetic at room temperature (its Curie temperature is 358 °C).

Note: While Gadolinium metal is ferromagnetic below 20 °C, its oxide (Gd2O3) is paramagnetic at room temperature. Since there are two diamagnetic and three paramagnetic materials, both statements are correct.