Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) is formed by cooling a gas of extremely low density, about one-hundred-thousandth the density of normal air. This is treated as

The Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) is widely recognized as the fifth state of matter. The other four states are solid, liquid, gas, and plasma (the fourth state). BEC is formed when a gas of bosons at extremely low density (about one-hundred-thousandth the density of normal air) is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero (0 K or -273.15 °C).

At these ultra-low temperatures, the atoms lose their individual identity and collapse into the lowest quantum state, behaving as a single "super-atom." This state was predicted theoretically by Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in the 1920s. It was first achieved experimentally in 1995 by Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman, leading to their 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics.