Which one of the following is not a network topology ?

Network topology refers to the physical or logical arrangement of nodes and connections in a computer network. Common types of network topologies include:

• Bus: All nodes are connected to a single central cable.
• Star: All nodes are connected to a central hub or switch.
• Mesh: Nodes are interconnected with multiple redundant links.
• Ring: Each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a continuous pathway for signals.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) is a network architecture or model, not a topology. It describes a decentralized communication model where each party has the same capabilities and either party can initiate a communication session. This is contrasted with the Client-Server architecture. While a P2P network can be built on various physical topologies, the term itself refers to the functional relationship between computers.