In fieldcraft, distance is underestimated when
1. the light is bright
2. the object is large in relation to its surroundings
3. there is compressed/low-lying ground between the observer and the object
4. looking uphill
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

In fieldcraft and military training (such as NCC), judging distance accurately is a key skill. Distance is underestimated (the object appears closer than it actually is) under the following conditions:

• Bright light: When the light is bright or the sun is behind the observer, objects appear clearer and closer.
• Large objects: An object that is large in relation to its surroundings is often perceived as being nearer.
• Dead ground: When there is compressed or low-lying ground (intervening ground that is not visible) between the observer and the object, the eye skips this distance, leading to underestimation.
• Looking downhill: Looking down from a height makes objects appear closer.

In contrast, distance is overestimated (the object appears further away) when looking uphill, in poor light, or when the object is small. Since statement 4 refers to looking uphill, it is a factor for overestimation, not underestimation.