1. Which one of the following statements is correct for carbon chains ?

Vegetable oils, such as those derived from sunflower, mustard, or olives, typically consist of long-chain fatty acids that are unsaturated. These carbon chains contain one or more double bonds, which prevent the molecules from packing tightly together, thus keeping the oils in a liquid state at room temperature. In contrast, animal fats (like butter or lard) generally contain saturated carbon chains, meaning they have only single bonds between carbon atoms. This structural difference allows animal fats to pack closely and remain solid at room temperature. From a nutritional standpoint, unsaturated vegetable oils are generally considered healthier than saturated animal fats. The industrial process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated vegetable oils to make them saturated (and solid) is known as hydrogenation.