‘Abinava Bharat’ a secret society of revolutionaries was organised by

Abhinav Bharat (also spelled Abhinav/Abinava Bharat) grew out of the Mitra Mela formed by Vinayak Damodar (V. D.) Savarkar and his brother. Historical accounts record that Savarkar organised Mitra Mela around 1899 and that this body was merged or renamed as Abhinav Bharat in 1904; the organisation then developed networks in Nasik, Poona and Bombay and undertook violent actions against British officials, including the 1909 assassination of A. M. T. Jackson by an Abhinav Bharat member. These details identify V. D. Savarkar as the organiser/founder associated with Abhinav Bharat, making option 2 the correct choice [2].

Sources

1. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 13: First Phase of Revolutionary Activities (1907-1917) > Maharashtra > p. 286
2. [2] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 13: First Phase of Revolutionary Activities (1907-1917) > Ideology Assassinate unpopular officials, thus strike terror in hearts of rulers and arouse people to expel the British with force; based on individual heroic actions on lines of Irish nationalists or Russian nihilists and not a mass-based countrywide struggle. ● Revolutionary Activities * Bengal 1902—First revolutionary groups in Midnapore and Calcutta (The Anushilan Samiti) 1906—Yugantar, the revolutionary weekly started By 1905-06—Several newspapers started advocating revolutionary terrorism. 1907—Attempt on life of the former Lt. governor of East Bengal and Assam. 1908—Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose attempt to murder Muzaffarpur Magistrate, Kingsford. Alipore conspiracy case involving Aurobindo Ghosh, Barindra Kumar Ghosh and others. 1908—Burrah dacoity by Dacca Anushilan. 1912—Bomb thrown at Viceroy Hardinge by Rashbehari Bose and Sachin Sanyal. Sandhya, Yugantar—newspapers advocating revolutionary activity. Jatin Das and Yugantar; the German Plot during World War I. * Maharashtra 1879—Ramosi Peasant Force by Vasudev Balwant Phadke. 1890s—Tilak's attempts to propagate militancy among the youth through Shivaji and Ganapati festivals, and his journals Kesari and Maharatta. 1897—Chapekar brothers kill Rand, the plague commissioner of Poona and Lt. Ayerst. 1899—Mitra Mela—a secret society organised by Savarkar and his brother. 1904—Mitra Mela merged with Abhinav Bharat. 1909—District Magistrate of Nasik—Jackson—killed. * Punjab Revolutionary activity by Lala Lajpat Rai, Ajit Singh, Aga Haidar Syed Haidar Raza, Bhai Parmanand, Lalchand 'Falak', Sufi Ambaprasad. > p. 292