Administering a vaccine provides protection by inducing synthesis of antibodies (proteins) specific to the vaccine. The cell in the body responsible for the production of antibodies is

Vaccines work by introducing antigens into the body, which triggers the adaptive immune system to produce specific antibodies for protection [t1][t4]. The specific white blood cells responsible for this antibody production are B lymphocytes, also known as B cells [t1][t5]. When a B cell encounters its specific antigen, it undergoes activation and differentiation into plasma cells, which are specialized effector cells capable of secreting thousands of antibody proteins per second into the bloodstream [t3][t8]. While other options like granulocytes are involved in innate immunity, erythrocytes (red blood cells) transport oxygen, and platelets are responsible for blood clotting [c1]. B lymphocytes are unique in their ability to synthesize immunoglobulins (antibodies) that provide long-term immunity through the formation of memory cells [t1][t7].

Sources

1. [1] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Life Processes > Maintenance by platelets > p. 94
2. [2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560905/