Among the following which Mughal Emperor introduced the policy of Sulh-ikul?

The policy of Sulh-i-kul (universal peace or peace to all) was introduced by the Mughal Emperor Akbar [1]. Initially an orthodox Muslim, Akbar's exposure to Sufism and interfaith dialogues at the Ibadat Khana (established in 1575) led him to adopt a more inclusive and accommodative approach toward his diverse subjects [3]. The doctrine of Sulh-i-kul promoted amity and tolerance of all faiths, regardless of religious beliefs. This philosophical framework became the cornerstone of his governance, leading to significant reforms such as the abolition of the jizya tax and the promotion of regional leaders within his court. While he eventually discontinued formal debates in the Ibadat Khana due to religious bitterness, the principle of Sulh-i-kul remained central to his vision of a stable, pluralistic empire [2].

Sources

1. [1] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 14: The Mughal Empire > Akbar's Religious Policy > p. 207
2. [3] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 14: The Mughal Empire > Learning Objectives > p. 199
3. [2] Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Reshaping India’s Political Map > What is jauhar? > p. 38