The correct answer for the question "The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crime Act (1919) was popularly known as" is Option 1: Rowlatt Act.

The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, commonly known as the Rowlatt Act, was a legislation enacted by the British colonial government in India during the period of British Raj. The Act was introduced by the British government as a response to the growing nationalist movement in India and the perceived threat of revolutionary activities.

The Rowlatt Act was named after its primary author, Sir Sidney Rowlatt, a British judge who chaired the Rowlatt Committee that recommended the enactment of the law. The Act was officially titled the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act, but it became popularly known as the Rowlatt Act due to Sir Sidney Rowlatt`s association with it.

The Rowlatt Act granted the British colonial government extensive powers to suppress political dissent and curtail civil liberties in India. It allowed the government to detain political activists without trial for an indefinite period and gave the authorities the power to arrest and search individuals without warrant. The Act also imposed severe restrictions on freedom of speech and assembly, aiming to suppress any form of opposition to British rule.

The Rowlatt Act was highly controversial and faced strong opposition from Indian nationalist leaders and the general public. It sparked widespread protests and demonstrations throughout India, which culminated in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar in 1919. British troops, led by General Reginald Dyer, opened fire on a crowd of peaceful protesters, resulting in the death of hundreds of people.

The Rowlatt Act and the subsequent Jallianwala Bagh massacre deepened the divide between the British colonial government and the Indian people, leading to an escalation of the Indian independence movement. The Act became a focal point of Indian nationalist struggle and played a significant role in mobilizing public opinion against British rule.

In conclusion, the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, which was popularly known as the Rowlatt Act, was a highly controversial legislation that granted the British colonial government sweeping powers to suppress political dissent and curtail civil liberties in India. Its enactment and the subsequent events played a crucial role in shaping the Indian independence movement.