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Article 19(1) of the Constitution of India, as it stands amended, includes which of the following ? 1. Freedom of speech and expression 2. Assemble peaceably and without arms 3. To acquire and dispose property 4. To move freely throughout the territory of India Select the correct answer using the code given below :
Explanation
Article 19(1) of the Constitution of India originally guaranteed seven fundamental freedoms to its citizens. These included the freedom of speech and expression (1), the right to assemble peaceably and without arms (2), and the right to move freely throughout the territory of India (4) [2]. However, the right to acquire, hold, and dispose of property (3), which was originally listed under Article 19(1)(f), was deleted by the 44th Amendment Act of 1978 [3]. Consequently, this right is no longer a fundamental right under Article 19, though it remains a legal right under Article 300A [3]. As the Constitution stands amended today, Article 19(1) protects six freedoms, including speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession [4]. Therefore, statements 1, 2, and 4 are currently part of Article 19(1), while statement 3 is not.
Sources
- [1] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 8: Fundamental Rights > III Protection of Six Rights > p. 85
- [2] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties IJl > p. 117
- [3] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 8: Fundamental Rights > PRESENT POSITION OF RIGHT TO PROPERTY > p. 102
- [4] https://www.mea.gov.in/images/pdf1/part3.pdf