Assertion (A) : In 1916, Mualana Mohammad Ali and Abul Kalam Azad resigned from the Legislative Council. Reason (R) : The Rowlatt Act was passed by the government in spite of being opposed by all Indian members of the Legislative Council.

The assertion (A) is false. The provided text records that all the elected Indian members of the Imperial Legislative Council resigned in protest when the bill was passed, but it names Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Madan Mohan Malaviya and Mazhar Ul Haq as the resigning members; it does not state that Maulana Mohammad Ali and Abul Kalam Azad resigned in 1916 (nor give 1916 as the year of such resignations) [1]. The reason (R) is correct: the Rowlatt Act (1919) was indeed hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of its Indian members, giving the government extensive repressive powers and triggering nationwide protest [2]. Therefore A is false while R is true, and R does not validate A.

Sources

1. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 15: Emergence of Gandhi > The Rowlatt Act > p. 320
2. [2] https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/jess302.pdf