The correct answer is Option 1, meaning both the assertion (A) and the reason (R) are accurate, and, crucially, R correctly explains A.

The assertion (A) states that artificial satellites are always launched eastwards from Earth, which is generally true. This is done to take advantage of the Earth`s rotational velocity, which provides extra push to the satellite.

The reason (R) explains this further by stating that the Earth rotates from west to east. This provides the satellites with additional momentum to reach escape velocity, the speed necessary to break free from the Earth`s gravitational pull.

Options 2, 3, and 4 may be excluded as they do not accurately reflect the relationship between assertion (A) and reason (R). Option 2 proposes R is not a correct explanation of A, which is incorrect. Option 3 suggests R is false, which is not true. Option 4 implies A is false, which again, is not accurate.