Assertion (A) : Artificial satellites are always launched from the earth in the eastward direction. Reason (R) : The earth rotates from west to east and so the satellite attains the escape velocity.

Assertion is false: satellites are not always launched eastward — many missions (e.g., polar or sun‑synchronous Earth‑observation or reconnaissance satellites) are launched north/south and cannot take advantage of an eastward boost [3]. Reason is essentially true in its first part: the Earth rotates from west to east, and an eastward launch gives the vehicle an initial surface velocity that reduces the rocket’s required additional speed to reach orbit, lowering fuel/costs [2]. However, that rotational boost does not by itself supply ‘escape velocity’ — it simply reduces the delta‑v the launcher must provide. Thus A is false and R (interpreted as the rotation/boost statement) is true [3].

Sources

1. [3] https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/why-are-all-satellites-and-missiles-launched-from-the-east-coast/article7202159.ece
2. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 18: Latitudes and Longitudes > Longitude and Time > p. 243
3. [2] https://pwg.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Iproblem.htm