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The correct answer is:
A is false, but R is true.
The assertion (A) states that during the reign of Shahjahan, Dara Sikoh was sent on an expedition to Balkh, Badakhshan, and Qandahar. This assertion is false. Dara Sikoh, the eldest son of Shahjahan, was not sent on an expedition to these regions during his father`s reign.
The reason (R) provided states that the expedition sent by Shahjahan to the Middle East was a marvelous success. This reason is true. Shahjahan did send expeditions to the Middle East, particularly towards the Persian Gulf region, and they achieved considerable success in expanding Mughal influence and securing trade routes.
Since Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true, the correct answer is that A is false, but R is true.