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Q46 (CDS-II/2009) History & Culture › National Movement (1857–1947) › Revolt of 1857 Answer Verified

Assertion (A) : First, war of independence broke out in India in 1857 soon after the departure of Lord Dalhousie from India. Reason (R) : Lord Dalhousie’s annexationist policy had caused great discontent.

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: A
Explanation

Assertion (A) is true as Lord Dalhousie served as Governor-General from 1848 to 1856, and the First War of Independence broke out in early 1857, shortly after his departure [c1, t6]. Reason (R) is also true and provides the correct explanation for the timing and intensity of the revolt. Dalhousie's aggressive annexationist policy, primarily through the 'Doctrine of Lapse', led to the takeover of states like Satara, Jhansi, and Nagpur [c1, c2]. Furthermore, the annexation of Awadh in 1856 on grounds of misgovernment caused widespread resentment among the aristocracy and sepoys [t4, t8]. These political grievances, combined with the denial of adoption rights to Hindu princes and the stopping of pensions (e.g., Nana Sahib), created a climate of deep discontent that directly contributed to the 1857 uprising [c5, t1].

Sources

  1. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 5: Expansion and Consolidation of British Power in India > Annexed Lapsed States > p. 125
  2. [2] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 17: Effects of British Rule > Doctrine of Lapse > p. 268
  3. [3] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 18: Early Resistance to British Rule > Territorial Aggrandisement > p. 293
  4. [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_the_Indian_Rebellion_of_1857
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