Option 1 states that both the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) are true and that R is the correct explanation of A. This would mean that Shah Alam II spent his initial years as an Emperor far from his capital due to the danger of foreign invasion from the north-west frontier. However, the reason for Shah Alam II`s absence from his capital was not due to the fear of foreign invasion, hence R is not the correct explanation for A.

Option 2 states that A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A. This would mean that while both sentences are factual, they do not relate or explain each other.

Option 3 suggests that A is true but R is false. This is the correct answer. While Shah Alam II did spend his initial years away from his capital, the reason was not due to the fear of foreign invasion. Hence, this answer corresponds with the actual historical events.

Option 4 proposes that A is false but R is true. This would mean that Shah Alam II did not spend his initial years away from his capital, but there was in fact a fear of foreign invasion. This is incorrect.