Bats detect obstacles in their path by receiving the reflected

Bats navigate and hunt using a biological sonar system known as echolocation. They emit high-frequency sound waves, specifically ultrasonic waves, which are beyond the range of human hearing [4]. These waves travel through the air and bounce off objects such as obstacles or prey [4]. The bat then receives the reflected echoes and interprets the time delay and frequency changes to determine the distance, size, and direction of the object [5]. This process allows bats to maneuver effectively in total darkness [4]. While infrasonic waves are low-frequency sounds and radio or microwaves are electromagnetic waves, bats specifically rely on the mechanical energy of ultrasonic sound waves for their biosonar [1]. This specialized sensory adaptation is essential for their survival in complex environments.

Sources

1. [1] https://research.adra.ac.id/index.php/jbtn/article/download/1097/783/12632
2. [4] https://www.nps.gov/subjects/bats/echolocation.htm
3. [3] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3679510/
4. [2] https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2407810122
5. [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_echolocation