Question map
The below diagram is of a mushroom rock. In which of the points in the diagram is the intensity of wind strongest?
Explanation
Mushroom rocks, or pedestal rocks, are formed primarily through aeolian abrasion in arid regions [c1][c2]. While wind speed generally increases with height, the intensity of erosion (abrasion) is determined by the combination of wind velocity and sediment load [t1]. Near the ground surface, wind velocity is reduced by friction in the laminar boundary layer [t6]. However, at a height of approximately 2 to 3 feet (roughly 0.6 to 1 meter) above the ground, the wind carries the maximum concentration of saltating sand grains [t1][t4]. This 'sand-blasting' effect is most potent at this specific height because the sediment load is high and the wind speed is sufficient to propel these particles with significant kinetic energy [t5][t6]. Consequently, the rock is undercut most severely at this level (Point B), creating the characteristic slender stalk or narrow waist, while the upper portion (Point A) remains broader due to lower sediment concentration at higher altitudes [t1].
Sources
- [1] FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Landforms and their Evolution > Mushroom, Table and Pedestal Rocks > p. 60
- [2] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 17: Major Landforms and Cycle of Erosion > Mushroom Rocks > p. 236
- [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom_rock