Bose-Einstein Condensate is-

Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) is widely recognized as the fifth state of matter, distinct from the four fundamental states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. It was theoretically predicted in the 1920s by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein, but was only realized experimentally in 1995. A BEC forms when a dilute gas of bosons is cooled to temperatures extremely close to absolute zero. At these ultra-low temperatures, the individual atoms lose their distinct identities and collapse into a single quantum state, behaving as a unified 'superatom'. While plasma exists at extremely high temperatures as ionized gas, BECs represent the opposite extreme of the temperature scale. This unique phase allows for the observation of quantum phenomena on a macroscopic scale, making it a critical area of study in modern physics.

Sources

1. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 2: The Solar System > Plasma > p. 24
2. [2] https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2001/10/bose-einstein-condensate-new-form-matter