Broadly both birth and death rates are low in which one of the following stages of demographic transition model?

The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) describes the shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a society develops. In Stage 1, known as the High Stationary stage, both rates are high, resulting in slow population growth. Stage 2 (Early Expanding) sees declining death rates while birth rates remain high, leading to rapid growth [1]. Stage 3 (Late Expanding) is characterized by declining birth rates and low death rates. Finally, Stage 4, referred to as the Low Stationary stage, is where both birth and death rates are low, leading to population stabilization or minimal growth. This stage typically reflects a post-industrial society with high living standards, urbanisation, and effective family planning.

Sources

1. [1] Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 19: Population and Demographic Dividend > CHAPTER SUMMARY > p. 576