Certain measures of Dalhousie created serious discontent in India which were also responsible for the revolt of 1857. Which of the following measures was not one of them ?

The correct answer is Option 4: Educational Reforms.

Lord Dalhousie’s tenure (1848–1856) was marked by aggressive expansionist and administrative policies that directly fueled the 1857 Revolt. However, educational reforms, specifically the Wood’s Despatch of 1854, were generally viewed as progressive measures aimed at systematizing education and were not a primary cause of the armed uprising.

• Option 1: The Doctrine of Lapse caused widespread resentment by annexing states like Jhansi and Nagpur when a ruler died without a natural heir.
• Option 2: The Railways and Telegraph were perceived by many Indians as tools of Westernization and interference with caste rules (e.g., sitting together in carriages), creating social unrest.
• Option 3: The Abolition of titles and pensions (like that of Nana Sahib) alienated the Indian aristocracy.

Since educational reforms lacked the direct provocative impact of territorial annexation or religious interference, they are not classified as a "serious discontent" leading to the revolt.