Combination of one volume of nitrogen with three volumes of hydrogen produces

The synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen is governed by Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes and Avogadro's Law. According to Gay-Lussac's Law, when gases react, they do so in volumes that bear a simple whole-number ratio to one another and to the volume of the gaseous product, provided temperature and pressure remain constant. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3. This stoichiometry indicates that one molecule (or mole) of nitrogen reacts with three molecules (or moles) of hydrogen to produce two molecules (or moles) of ammonia. Consequently, in terms of volume, one volume of nitrogen gas combines with three volumes of hydrogen gas to produce exactly two volumes of ammonia gas. This 1:3:2 volumetric ratio is a fundamental principle in gas stoichiometry and industrial chemical synthesis.