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Q80 (NDA-II/2008) Science & Technology › Basic Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) › Applied everyday chemistry Answer Verified

Consider the following : Crude oil is a direct source of: 1. asphalt 2. paraffin wax 3. fatty acids 4. gas oil Which of the above are correct ?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: D
Explanation

Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that must be refined through fractional distillation to produce usable products [c3, t7]. During this process, various fractions are separated based on their boiling points. Asphalt (or bitumen) is a heavy, viscous residue obtained from the bottom of the distillation column [c4, t1]. Paraffin wax is another direct byproduct derived from the heavier fractions of crude oil, often used for candles and lubricants [c1, c5, t4]. Gas oil is a middle distillate fraction used to produce diesel and heating fuels [t2, t4]. In contrast, fatty acids are organic compounds typically derived from biological sources like vegetable oils or animal fats through hydrolysis, rather than being a direct hydrocarbon fraction of crude oil. Therefore, asphalt, paraffin wax, and gas oil are direct products of crude oil refining [t3, t4].

Sources

  1. [1] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 8: Energy Resources > Petroleum > p. 9
  2. [2] Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 27: Fuel and Power > Oil Refining > p. 269
  3. [3] Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 27: Fuel and Power > PETROLEUM > p. 268
  4. [4] Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 27: Fuel and Power > The uses of oil > p. 271
  5. [5] https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/documents/AppendixA_Overview_of_Petroleum_Ref.pdf
  6. [6] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/petroleum
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