Consider the following : Heat produced in a conductor carrying current is independent of 1. current passing through it. 2. thermal conductivity. 3. specific resistance. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

According to Joule's law of heating, the heat (H) produced in a conductor is given by the formula H = I²Rt, where I is the current, R is the resistance, and t is the time [c2][t6]. This law implies that heat is directly proportional to the square of the current (I) and the resistance (R) [c2][t8]. Resistance (R) is further defined by the material's specific resistance (resistivity, ρ) through the relation R = ρ(L/A), meaning heat is dependent on specific resistance [t1][t8]. However, thermal conductivity is a property that describes how well a material conducts heat away from a source, rather than how much heat is generated by the flow of electrons [t7]. Therefore, the heat produced by the current itself is dependent on current and specific resistance, but independent of thermal conductivity. Thus, only statement 2 is correct.

Sources

1. [1] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 11: Electricity > H = I2 > p. 189
2. [2] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemical-engineering/joule-heating