Consider the following statements describing the functions of plants : 1. Photosynthesis is a process to convert light energy from the Sun into chemical energy i.e., Carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water using sun light 2. Fermentation or Zymology is a metabolic process that converts carbohydrate to alcohols and carbon dioxide Which of the statements given above is/ are correct ?

Statement 1 is correct as photosynthesis is the process by which autotrophic organisms, primarily plants, harvest solar energy and convert it into chemical energy [3]. During this multi-step process, carbon dioxide and water are used as substrates to synthesize carbohydrates like glucose in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll [2]. Statement 2 is also correct; fermentation, also known as zymology, is a metabolic process that occurs in various organisms to break down carbohydrates into simpler compounds [4]. Specifically, in alcoholic fermentation, sugars are converted into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide as a way to generate energy (ATP) in the absence of oxygen. While photosynthesis is the primary anabolic process for food production in plants, fermentation represents a catabolic pathway for energy release under specific conditions. Both statements accurately describe these fundamental biological energy transformations.

Sources

1. [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9861/
2. [3] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Life Processes > QUESTIONS > p. 82
3. [2] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Life Processes > 5.2.1 Autotrophic Nutrition > p. 81
4. [4] https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/cellular-energetics/photosynthesis/a/intro-to-photosynthesis