Consider the following statements: An external pressure P0 is applied to the surface of a liquid in a container. Then, 1. the pressure on all side-walls increases by P0 2. the pressure on the bottom wall increases by P„ 3. the pressure at all points inside the liquid increases by P0 Which of the statements given above are correct?

According to Pascal's Law, when an external pressure is applied to an enclosed fluid, the pressure change is transmitted undiminished to all portions of the fluid and to the walls of its container [t3][t6]. This principle, also known as the transmission of fluid-pressure, implies that if an external pressure P0 is applied to the surface, the pressure at every point inside the liquid increases by exactly P0 [t2][t8]. Since liquids exert pressure in all directions, including on the sides and the bottom of the vessel [c2], this increase is uniformly distributed [t6]. Consequently, the pressure on all side-walls increases by P0, the pressure on the bottom wall increases by P0, and the pressure at all internal points increases by P0 [t2][t6]. Therefore, all three statements are correct as they reflect the fundamental behavior of incompressible fluids under external pressure.

Sources

1. [1] Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 6: Pressure, Winds, Storms, and Cyclones > Activity 6.2: Let us find out > p. 85