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Q12 (IAS/1999) Geography › Indian Economic Geography › Regional development patterns Answer Verified

Consider the following statements : Regional disparities in India are high and have been rising in recent years because I. there is persistent investment over time only in select locales. II. some areas are agro-climatically less conducive to development. III. some areas continue to face little or no agrarian transformation and the consequent lack of social and economic opportunities. IV. some areas have faced continuous political instability. Which of the above statements are correct ?

Result
Your answer: —  Â·  Correct: A
Explanation

I is correct because sustained concentration of investment in select locales (e.g., Green Revolution and industrial concentration) has aggravated regional gaps over time [4]. II is correct since diverse geo-climatic endowments make some areas inherently less conducive to rapid agricultural or industrial development, creating persistent spatial inequality [4]. III is correct as regions with little agrarian transformation—notably rainfed and drought-prone areas—lack the social and economic opportunities that drive convergence, reinforcing regional backwardness [6]. IV is excluded for this question: while political factors are recognized among the causes of disparities historically, continuous political instability is not presented in the cited material as a general, pervasive driver of the recent rise in disparities across India [5].

Sources

  1. [1] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 17: Contemporary Issues > Regional Disparities after Independence > p. 69
  2. [4] INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Land Resources and Agriculture > Agricultural Development in India > p. 36
  3. [2] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > Geographical Bases of India Federalism > p. 9
  4. [6] https://www.nabard.org/auth/writereaddata/tender/2007223429Paper-2-%20Rainfed-Agriculture-Dr.-Deshpande.pdf
  5. [3] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 17: Contemporary Issues > REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT > p. 66
  6. [5] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1757780223005929
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