Consider the following substances: 1. Ascorbic acid 2. Folic acid 3. Nicolinic acid 4. Pantothenic acid Wbich of these are vitamins?

All four substances listed are vitamins. Ascorbic acid is the chemical name for Vitamin C, an antioxidant essential for tissue maintenance and iron absorption. Folic acid, also known as folate, is Vitamin B9, which is critical for red blood cell production and works alongside Vitamin B12 [1]. Nicotinic acid is a form of Niacin or Vitamin B3, involved in energy production and cellular functions [2]. Pantothenic acid is Vitamin B5, which is necessary for creating coenzymes, proteins, and fats. These substances are part of the 13 essential vitamins required by the human body for various metabolic processes [1]. While some are fat-soluble, these specific four are water-soluble vitamins that must be regularly obtained through diet as they are not stored in the body.

Sources

1. [1] https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/vitamin-b
2. [2] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/vitamin-b-complex