The correct sequence of different layers of the atmosphere from the surface of the Earth upwards is:

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Ionosphere.

1. Troposphere: The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, extending from the Earth`s surface up to an average height of about 8-15 kilometers (5-9 miles) above sea level. This is where weather phenomena occur, and it contains most of the Earth`s air mass.

2. Stratosphere: The stratosphere is located above the troposphere and extends from about 15-50 kilometers (9-31 miles) above sea level. It is characterized by the presence of the ozone layer, which absorbs and filters out a significant amount of the Sun`s ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

3. Mesosphere: The mesosphere is the third layer of the atmosphere, extending from about 50-85 kilometers (31-53 miles) above sea level. In this layer, temperatures decrease with increasing altitude. It is also the layer where meteors burn up upon entry into the Earth`s atmosphere.

4. Ionosphere: The ionosphere is a region within the Earth`s upper atmosphere, extending from about 85 kilometers (53 miles) up to several hundred kilometers above the surface. It is characterized by the presence of ions and free electrons, which allow it to reflect radio waves and enable long-distance radio communication.

So, the correct sequence is Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Ionosphere.