The electromagnetic waves, which are used for satellite communication, are

Satellite communication primarily utilizes radio waves, specifically those in the microwave frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio waves are ideal for communication over vast areas because they can travel long distances and penetrate the Earth's atmosphere. While lower frequency radio waves may reflect off the ionosphere, the higher frequency radio waves (microwaves) used for satellites are capable of passing through the ionosphere to reach orbiting spacecraft [2]. Various frequency bands such as the L, C, Ku, and Ka bands are designated for specific satellite services, including GPS, television broadcasting, and high-speed internet. These waves are preferred over infrared or ultraviolet radiations because they suffer less attenuation from atmospheric conditions like clouds and rain. Consequently, radio waves are the standard medium for relaying information between Earth and space-based systems [1].

Sources

1. [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave
2. [1] FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Tertiary and Quaternary Activities > Telecommunications > p. 49