The correct answer is option 1: Spring.

During the new moon or full moon, when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are approximately aligned, we experience exceptionally high and low tides known as spring tides.

To understand this phenomenon, we need to look at the gravitational forces exerted by the Sun and Moon on Earth`s oceans. The Moon`s gravitational pull is already responsible for the regular tides we observe every day. However, when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are aligned during a new moon or full moon, their combined gravitational forces reinforce each other. This alignment results in higher high tides and lower low tides, leading to more extreme tidal variations.

Option 2, Fall, is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the tidal pattern during a new moon or full moon alignment. Option 3, Neap, is also incorrect. Neap tides occur when the Moon is at a right angle to the Sun and Earth, creating the least difference between high and low tides. Option 4, Diurnal, is unrelated to spring tides and refers to a tidal pattern with one high tide and one low tide occurring daily.