Foucault experiment is proof of which one of the following?

The Foucault experiment, first conducted by French physicist Léon Foucault in 1851, provides a direct and simple demonstration of the Earth's rotation [c1][t1]. The experiment utilizes a long pendulum with a heavy bob suspended from a high ceiling, allowing it to swing freely in any direction [c1][t2]. As the pendulum oscillates, the plane of its swing appears to rotate or precess over time [t2][t4]. This phenomenon occurs because the Earth is rotating beneath the pendulum while the pendulum's plane of oscillation remains fixed in space relative to the stars [t2][t3]. This apparent shift, often explained via the Coriolis effect, proves that the Earth spins on its axis rather than remaining stationary [c2][t5]. Modern versions of this pendulum, such as the one in India's New Delhi Parliament building, continue to serve as educational evidence of this rotational motion [c1][t7].

Sources

1. [1] Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 12: Earth, Moon, and the Sun > FASCINATING FACTS > p. 173
2. [2] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 23: Pressure Systems and Wind System > Causes of The Coriolis Effect > p. 308