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In a group discussion on shape and size of the Earth, three students stated the following points : 1. Student 1 : The shape of the Earth is basically an oblate spheroid. 2. Student 2 : The polar diameter of the Earth is more than the equatorial diameter. 3. Student 3 : Bulge along the equatorial region is due to revolution of the Earth. Who among the above students is /are correct?
Explanation
Student 1 is correct because the Earth's shape is an oblate spheroid, characterized by being slightly flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator [1]. Student 2 is incorrect because the equatorial diameter (approximately 12,756 km) is actually larger than the polar diameter (approximately 12,714 km) by about 42-43 km [2]. Student 3 is incorrect because the equatorial bulge is caused by the Earth's rotation, not its revolution [1]. Rotation generates centrifugal force, which is strongest at the equator, pushing mass outward and creating the bulge [2]. Revolution, the Earth's movement around the Sun, is responsible for seasonal variations rather than the planet's physical shape. Therefore, only the first statement regarding the oblate spheroid shape is accurate.
Sources
- [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 18: Latitudes and Longitudes > The Shape of The Earth and Latitudinal Heat Zones > p. 241
- [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial_bulge