Harappan crafts display an amazing degree of standardization. According to Kenoyer, what was the possible reason for such an achievement ?

The correct answer is Option 4: State Control.

According to archaeologist Mark Kenoyer, the remarkable standardization in Harappan crafts—seen in uniform brick sizes (4:2:1 ratio), standardized weights and measures, and consistent pottery types—points toward a high degree of centralized administrative authority or state control.

While local raw materials (Option 1) were used, they do not explain the uniformity across vast distances. Similarly, while specialized workshops existed, the consistency in quality and dimensions suggests regulatory oversight rather than just shared training (Option 3). Kenoyer argues that the "State" likely controlled the acquisition of exotic raw materials and the distribution of finished goods, ensuring strict adherence to specific standards to facilitate trade and social hierarchy. This centralized management acted as the driving force behind the homogeneity observed in the Indus Valley Civilization's material culture.