The correct answer is Option 2: Southwest monsoon.
During the summer season, the Indian Sub-Continent experiences high temperature and low pressure conditions. These conditions create a pressure gradient that draws air from areas of higher pressure towards the lower pressure region over the Indian Sub-Continent. In this case, the air is drawn from the Indian Ocean towards the landmass.
The Southwest monsoon is a seasonal wind system that brings abundant rainfall to the Indian Sub-Continent. It is characterized by moist winds blowing from the southwest direction. These winds are created by the temperature and pressure differences between the Indian Ocean and the Indian Sub-Continent.
The Indian Ocean heats up during the summer season, creating an area of low pressure. This low-pressure system is intensified by the high temperatures over the Indian Sub-Continent. As a result, the moist air over the Indian Ocean is drawn towards the landmass, forming the Southwest monsoon.
The Southwest monsoon is crucial for the agricultural sector in India and other parts of the Indian Sub-Continent. It brings heavy rainfall, which is vital for irrigation and the growth of crops. The monsoon winds also help cool down the region, providing relief from the scorching summer temperatures.
Option 1: Southeast monsoon is not the correct answer because the Southeast monsoon is associated with the reverse flow of wind, occurring during the winter season, and it brings dry conditions to the Indian Sub-Continent.
Option 3: Trade winds are prevailing winds that blow from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere. While they do influence the weather patterns, they are not directly responsible for the in-blowing of air over the Indian Sub-Continent during the summer season.
Option 4: Westerlies are prevailing winds that blow from the west in the middle latitudes. They are not directly associated with the monsoon winds and do not play a significant role in bringing moisture to the Indian Sub-Continent during the summer season.
In summary, the combination of high temperature and low pressure over the Indian Sub-Continent during the summer season leads to the in-blowing of the Southwest monsoon winds from the Indian Ocean, bringing the much-needed rainfall to the region.