In Indian history, who among the following is known as “Frontier Gandhi” ?

In Indian history, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan is famously known as the "Frontier Gandhi" [c1][c3]. A Pashtun leader from the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP), he was a devout disciple of Mahatma Gandhi and a staunch advocate of non-violence [c5][t7]. He founded the 'Khudai Khidmatgars' (Servants of God), a volunteer brigade popularly known as the 'Red Shirts', who were pledged to the freedom struggle and non-violent resistance against British rule [c1][c3]. His educational and social reform work significantly politicized the Pathans [c3]. He was also known as 'Badshah Khan' or 'Bacha Khan' [c3][t5]. While other leaders like Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed were prominent figures in the Indian independence movement and post-independence government, the specific title "Frontier Gandhi" is uniquely associated with Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan due to his leadership in the frontier regions [t1][t5].

Sources

1. [1] Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 15: Struggle for Swaraj > The Second Civil Disobedience Movement > p. 288
2. [2] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Civil Disobedience Movement the Salt Satyagraha and Other Upsurges > p. 375
3. [3] India and the Contemporary World – II. History-Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Nationalism in India > The Independence Day Pledge, 26 January 1930 > p. 40