Let a resistor having 4 ohm resistance be connected across the terminals of a 12 volt battery. Then the charge in coulomb passing through the resistor per second is :

To find the charge passing through the resistor per second, we must calculate the electric current. According to Ohm's Law, the current (I) is equal to the potential difference (V) divided by the resistance (R), expressed as I = V / R. Given a 12-volt battery and a 4-ohm resistor, the current is calculated as 12 V / 4 Ω = 3 Amperes. Current is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge, where one Ampere is equivalent to one Coulomb of charge passing a point per second. Therefore, a current of 3 Amperes means that 3 Coulombs of charge pass through the resistor every second. This fundamental relationship between voltage, resistance, and the rate of charge flow confirms that the value is 3.

Sources

1. [1] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 11: Electricity > What you have learnt > p. 192