The major component used in preparation of different types of glasses is

The major component used in the preparation of virtually all types of glass is silica (silicon dioxide, SiO2). Silica sand or quartz serves as the primary glass-forming oxide that provides the essential structural framework [t4][t7]. While specific varieties like soda-lime glass incorporate sodium carbonate and lime to lower melting points and improve durability [t2][t5], and borosilicate glass adds boron trioxide for thermal resistance [t1][t2], silica remains the fundamental constituent across these categories [t8]. Sodium silicate, often called 'water glass,' is a specific product made from melting quartz and soda but is primarily used as a binder or adhesive rather than the base for general glassware [t3]. Calcium silicate and sodium borate (borax) are important additives or specialized compounds, but they do not constitute the primary bulk material compared to the universal role of silica in glassmaking [t5][t6].

Sources

1. [1] https://www.britannica.com/science/industrial-glass