The correct matching is:

I. Diamond - (D) Carbon

Diamond is a naturally occurring form of carbon, consisting of carbon atoms arranged in a crystal lattice structure.

II. Marble - (A) Calcium

Marble is a metamorphic rock primarily composed of calcium carbonate.

III. Sand - (B) Silicon

Sand is primarily composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2), which is the chemical compound of silicon and oxygen.

IV. Ruby - (C) Aluminium

Ruby is a gemstone consisting of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) with traces of chromium, which gives it its red color.

Therefore, the correct matching is:

I. Diamond - (D) Carbon

II. Marble - (A) Calcium

III. Sand - (B) Silicon

IV. Ruby - (C) Aluminium