Match List I (Process of chemical weathering of rock) with List II (Description) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists

List I | List II
A. Carbonation | 1. Decomposition of materials containing lime, potassium, etc.
B. Hydration | 2. Minerals in rocks rust
C Hydrolysis | 3. Cause of additional stress in the rock
D. Oxidation | 4. Decomposition of fieldspars present in many igneous rocks

The correct answer is Option 1 (A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2). This matching accurately reflects the fundamental processes of chemical weathering in geomorphology.

• Carbonation (A-1): This process involves the reaction of carbonate and bicarbonate ions with minerals. It leads to the decomposition of materials containing calcium (lime), magnesium, and potassium, commonly seen in the dissolution of limestone.
• Hydration (B-3): Hydration is the chemical addition of water to minerals. This causes the mineral to expand in volume, which creates additional stress within the rock, eventually leading to its disintegration.
• Hydrolysis (C-4): This is a chemical reaction between water and minerals. It is the primary process responsible for the decomposition of feldspars (found in igneous rocks) into clay minerals.
• Oxidation (D-2): This occurs when minerals react with oxygen. In rocks containing iron, this leads to the formation of iron oxides, causing the minerals to rust and turn reddish-brown.

Other options are incorrect because they mismatch these specific chemical reactions with their primary physical or chemical manifestations.